Efek Kombinasi Tanaman Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Terhadap Mortalitas Larva Culexsp. (Diptera: Culicidae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26630/rj.v18i1.4455Keywords:
A. muricata, A. bilimbi, Bio-larvasida, Culex sp, P. guajavaAbstract
Insektisida nabati menjadi pilihan terbaik untuk mengendalikan nyamuk vektor penyakit, setelah pemahaman dampak negatif dari penggunaan insektisida kimia sintetis jangka panjang. Penelitian bertujuan mengevaluasi efek larvasida dari kombinasi empat jenis tanaman terhadap Culex sp. Penelitian menggunakan rancang acak lengkap faktorial (dengan dua ulangan), dilakukan selama bulan Maret – Juli 2023. Empat jenis tanaman (Catharanthus roseus, Annona muricata, Psidium guajava, dan Averrhoa bilimbi) dikombinasikan berpasangan dengan variasi konsentrasi campuran bertingkat, dan diamati selama 24 jam. Ekstraksi tanaman dengan maserasi menggunakan Ethanol (24jam), dievaporasi hingga pekat, dan diencerkan dengan akuades untuk konsentrasi diinginkan. Larva Culex sp. dipelihara dari fase telur hingga turunan pertama (F1). Dua puluh larva instar-III digunakan pada setiap pengujian, dengan kontrol. Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA two-way (Confidence Level= 95%). Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa tiga dari empat tanaman memberikan efek mortalitas (5-20%) sejak satu jam setelah paparan, yaitu A. muricata, P. guajava, dan C. roseus. Setelah enam jam paparan, A. muricata dan P. guajava memberikan efek mortalitas tertinggi (70%). Setelah 24 jam paparan, seluruh larva mengalami kematian pada semua perlakuan. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan perbedaan mortalitas larva berdasarkan waktu paparan (P = 0,0001), namun tidak signifikan berdasarkan jenis tanaman (P = 0,084) dan konsentrasi campuran (P = 0,858). Dari empat yang diperiksa, dua jenis tumbuhan menunjukkan efek larvasida terbaik terhadap Culex sp., yaitu A. muricata dan P. guajava. Walaupun menunjukkan hasil yang menjanjikan, penggunaan konsentrasi tinggi masih menjadi kendala untuk diaplikasikan secara luas. Rekayasa senyawa bioaktif disarankan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan menurunkan konsentrasi larvasida.
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