KANDUNGAN SAPONIN DAN FLAVONOID PADA TANAMAN PEKARANGAN SERTA POTENSINYA SEBAGAI BIOINSEKTISIDA LALAT RUMAH (Musca domestica)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26630/rj.v17i1.3763Keywords:
Bioinsektisida, flavonoid, Musca domestica, saponinAbstract
Beberapa studi telah melaporkan efektifitas tanaman sebagai bioinsektisida, namun tidak menjelaskan hubungannya dengan kandungan kimiawi bahan. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis kandungan saponin dan flavonoid dari 14 jenis tanaman yang dilaporkan berpotensi sebagai bioinsektisida, serta mengaplikasikannya pada lalat rumah (Musca domestica). Ekstraksi dengan maserasi menggunakan etanol 96% selama 24 jam. Analisis kandungan saponin dan flavonoid dengan metode Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) scanner dan spektrofotometri. Ekstrak diencerkan dengan aquades untuk mendapatkan dosis uji (25, 30, 35, 40, 45%). Sebanyak 5.600 ekor lalat rumah (usia 4-5 hari) dari kolonisasi generasi pertama (F-1) digunakan untuk uji mortalitas. Percobaan dengan metode semprot dilakukan pada dua replikasi untuk setiap dosis dan empat variasi waktu kontak (15, 30, 60, 120 menit). Uji Two way-ANOVA (alpha=5%) diterapkan untuk mengetahui perbedaan mortalitas lalat berdasarkan dosis dan waktu kontak. Keseluruhan tanaman (n=14) memiliki kandungan saponin dan flavonoid yang bervariasi. Saponin tertinggi ada pada daun sirsak (0,96%), terendah daun salam (0,38%). Flavonoid tertinggi pada daun sirsak (0,47%), terendah daun labu siam, sirih hijau, delima dan asam jawa (0,01%). Hasil bioassay-test mendapatkan mortalitas tertinggi pada daun cengkeh (100%), terendah daun delima (63,3%). Analisis statistik menunjukkan perbedaan mortalitas yang signifikan berdasarkan jenis tanaman dan waktu kontak (p<0,05), namun tidak nyata pada variasi dosis. Penelitian telah membuktikan bahwa seluruh bahan mengandung saponin dan flavonoid. Namun, tanaman yang sangat berpotensi sebagai insektisida lalat rumah adalah daun kemangi, sirih hijau, pepaya, salam, jeruk nipis, sirsak, dan cengkeh, pada dosis 25% dan waktu kontak 30-60 menit.References
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