The Effect of Adolescent Therapeutic Group Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in the Occurrence of Depression

Authors

  • Niken Andalasari Nursing Study Program, Akademi Keperawatan Al-Ikhlas Cisarua, Bogor, Indonesia
  • Budi Anna Keliat Master of Nursing Study Program, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
  • Yossie Susanti Eka Putri Master of Nursing Study Program, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26630/jk.v15i2.4451

Keywords:

Behavior; Mental disorder; Prevention; Psychotherapy.

Abstract

Adolescents are tasked with developing identity vs. role confusion, where the search for identity will shape the individual's character. There has been an increase in the use of social media among adolescents, causing an increase in the number of depression in adolescents. The need for promotive and preventive efforts to prevent depression in adolescents. This study aims to determine the effect of therapeutic group therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy in preventing depression in adolescent social media users. This study was conducted on 70 students aged 15-18 years old using a purposive sampling technique according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study uses a quasi-experimental pre-post-test design with intervention and control groups. The intervention group was given therapeutic and cognitive behavioral therapy, and the control group was given therapeutic group therapy without cognitive behavioral therapy. The results of this study indicate a significant effect on the control group. The combination of therapeutic group therapy therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy can be recommended as a therapy for reducing depression in adolescent social media users.

References

Aini, D. K. (2019). Penerapan Cognitive Behaviour Therapy dalam Mengembangkan Kepribadian Remaja di Panti Asuhan. Jurnal Ilmu Dakwah, 39(1), 70. https://doi.org/10.21580/jid.v39.1.4432

Arifin, H. H., & Milla, M. N. (2020). Adaptasi dan properti psikometrik skala kontrol diri ringkas versi Indonesia. Jurnal Psikologi Sosial, 18(2), 179–195. https://doi.org/10.7454/jps.2020.18

Astutik, W., Keliat, B. A., & Putri, Y. S. E. (2019). Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Dalam Perkembangan Identitas Diri Community Empowerment in the Adolescent Self-Identity Developments. Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa, 7(3).

Beames, J. R., Lingam, R., Boydell, K., Calear, A. L., Torok, M., Maston, K., Zbukvic, I., Huckvale, K., Batterham, P. J., Christensen, H., & Werner-Seidler, A. (2021). Protocol for evaluating a complex intervention delivered in schools to prevent adolescent depression: The Future Proofing Study. BMJ Open, 11(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042133

Bhatta, S., Champion, J. D., Young, C., & Loika, E. (2018). Outcomes of Depression Screening Among Adolescents Accessing School-based Pediatric Primary Care Clinic Services. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 38, 8–14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2017.10.001

Blossom, J. B., Adrian, M. C., Stoep, A. Vander, & McCauley, E. (2020). Mechanisms of Change in the Prevention of Depression: An Indicated School-Based Prevention Trial at the Transition to High School. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 59(4), 541–551. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2019.05.031

Chen, F., Zheng, D., Liu, J., Gong, Y., Guan, Z., & Lou, D. (2020). Depression and anxiety among adolescents during COVID-19: A cross-sectional study. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 88(January), pp. 36–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.061

Daulay, W., Wahyuni, S. E., & Nasution, M. L. (2021). Optimalisasi Perkembangan Remaja Melalui Tkt (Terapi Kelompok Terapeutik) Di Kecamatan Medan Amplas Dan Medan Johor. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Multidisiplin, 4(2), 73–81. https://doi.org/10.36341/jpm.v4i2.1552

Demetriou, A., Kazi, S., Makris, N., & Spanoudis, G. (2020). Cognitive ability, cognitive self-awareness, and school performance: From childhood to adolescence. Intelligence, 79, 101432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2020.101432

Diatri, H., Wardani, I. Y., & Maramis, A. (2017). Panduan Tata Laksana Anxietas dan Depresi di Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan Primer. Self publishing. Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia.

Fathadhika, S., & Afriani, -. (2018). Social Media Engagement Sebagai Mediator Antara Fear of Missing Out Dengan Kecanduan Media Sosial Pada Remaja. Journal of Psychological Science and Profession, 2(3), 208. https://doi.org/10.24198/jpsp.v2i3.18741

Florensa, Keliat, B. A., & Wardani, I. Y. (2016). Peningkatan Efikasi Diri Dan Penurunan Depresi. Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia, 19(3), 169–175.

Gao, J., Zheng, P., Jia, Y., Chen, H., Mao, Y., Chen, S., Wang, Y., Fu, H., & Dai, J. (2020). Mental health problems and social media exposure during the COVID-19 outbreak. PLoS ONE, 15(4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231924

Goodman, R., Meltzer, H., & Bailey, V. ( 1998). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: A pilot study on the validity of the self-report version. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 7, 125–130.

Halter, M. J. (2021). Varcarolis' foundations of psychiatric mental health nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Hardi, E., Ermayulis, D., & Masril, M. (2019). Pengaruh Konseling Kelompok Menggunakan Pendekatan Cognitive Behavior Therapy untuk Meningkatkan Kontrol Diri Siswa. Indonesian Journal of Counseling and Development, 1(2), 141–149. https://doi.org/10.32939/ijcd.v1i2.921

Hasanah, U. (2017). Pengaruh Terapi Kelompok Terapeutik Remaja dan Psikoedukasi Keluarga Terhadap Perkembangan Identitas Diri Remaja. Jurnal Keperawatan, 9(1).

Hidayah, & Borualogo. (2021). Pengaruh relasi dalam keluarga terhadap subjective well-being anak dan remaja di masa pandemi covid-19. Prosiding Psikologi Unisba, August, 272–278. https://doi.org/10.29313/.v0i0.28297

Keinonen, K., Puolakanaho, A., Lappalainen, P., Lappalainen, R., & Kiuru, N. (2021). Developmental trajectories of experiential avoidance and depressive symptoms and association to health behaviors among adolescents during brief guided online acceptance and commitment therapy. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 22(May), 24–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.08.002

Keles, B., Mccrae, N., & Grealish, A. (2020). A systematic review : the influence of social media on depression, anxiety and psychological distress in adolescents. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 25(1), 79–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2019.1590851

Kern, M. L., Benson, L., Steinberg, E. A., & Steinberg, L. (2016). The EPOCH measure of adolescent well-being. Psychological assessment, 28(5), 586. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/pas0000201

Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (1999). Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) [Database record]. APA PsycTests. https://doi.org/10.1037/t06165-000

Lempang, G. F., Walenta, W., Rahma, K. A., & Retalista, N. (2021). Depresi Menghadapi Pandemi Covid-19 pada Masyarakat Perkotaan (Studi Literatur). 14(1), 66–71.

Maesaroh, S., Sunarti, E., & Muflikhati, I. (2019). Ancaman, Faktor Protektif, dan Resiliensi Remaja di Kota Bogor. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga Dan Konsumen, 12(1), 63–74. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2019.12.1.63

Maryatun, S. (2013). The Effect of Therapeutic Group Therapy to Adolescent Development at Social Institutions “Marsudi Putra Dharmapala” in Inderalaya, South of Sumatra. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, 4(3), 212-219. https://jikm.unsri.ac.id/index.php/jikm/article/view/288

Ministry of Health RI. (2018). Laporan Riset Kesehatan Dasar Tahun 2018. Jakarta.

Nadiah, S., Nadhirah, N. A., & Fahriza, I. (2021). Hubungan Faktor Perkembangan Psikososial Dengan Identitas Vokasional Pada Remaja Akhir. Quanta, 5(1), 21–29. https://doi.org/10.22460/q.v1i1p1-10.497

Parikh, S. V., Taubman, D. S., Antoun, C., Cranford, J., Foster, C. E., Grambeau, M., Hunter, J., Jester, J., Konz, K., Meyer, T., Salazar, S., & Greden, J. F. (2018). The Michigan peer-to-peer depression awareness program: School-based prevention to address depression among teens. Psychiatric Services, 69(4), 487–491. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201700101

President of Republic Indonesia. (2014). Undang-undang (UU) Nomor 18 Tahun 2014 tentang Kesehatan Jiwa. Jakarta: Peraturan Perundang-undangan.

Rahmah, M., Keliat, B. A., & Ice, Y. W. (2019). Pengaruh Terapi Kelompok Terapeutik Dan Problem-Solving Therapy Dalam Mencegah Penyalahgunaan Napza Pada Remaja [Thesis]. Depok: Universitas Indonesia.

Sánchez-Hernández, Ó., Méndez, F. X., Ato, M., & Garber, J. (2019). Prevention of depressive symptoms and promotion of well-being in adolescents: A randomized controlled trial of the smile program. Anales de Psicologia, 35(2), 225–232. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.35.2.342591

Scardera, S., Perret, L. C., Ouellet-Morin, I., Gariépy, G., Juster, R. P., Boivin, M., Turecki, G., Tremblay, R. E., Côté, S., & Geoffroy, M. C. (2020). Association of social support during adolescence with depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation in young adults. JAMA Network Open, 3(12), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.27491

Schmuck, D. (2021). Following Social Media Influencers in Early Adolescence: Fear of Missing Out, Social Well-Being and Supportive Communication with Parents. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 26(5), 245–264. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmab008

Schwartz-Mette, R. A., Lawrence, H. R., & Harrington, R. V. (2021). Transactional associations among adolescents’ depressive symptoms and self- and friend-reported friendship experiences. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 74(March), 101266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2021.101266

Stuart, Keliat, B. A., & Pasaribu, J. (2023). Prinsip dan Praktik: Keperawatan Kesehatan Jiwa Stuart (1st ed.). Elsevier.

Suhariati, I. H. (2021). Hubungan peran keluarga dengan depresi remaja belajar daring selama pandemi COVID-19. Jurnal Keperawatan, 19(1), 6.

Sulistiowati, N. M. D., Keliat, B. A., Besral, & Wakhid, A. (2018). Gambaran Dukungan Sosial terhadap Kesejahteraan Emosional, Psikologi dan Sosial pada Kesehatan Jiwa Remaja. Jurnal Ilmiah Permas: Jurnal Ilmiah STIKES Kendal, 8(2), 116–122.

Tangney, J. P., Baumeister, R. F., & Boone, A. L. (2004). High Self‐Control Predicts Good Adjustment, Less Pathology, Better Grades, and Interpersonal Success. Journal of Personality, 72(2), 271-324.

Townsend, M. C., & Morgan, K. I. (2020). Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing: Concepts of Care in Evidence-Based Practice. F.A. Davis Company.

Twenge, J. M. (2020). Why increases in adolescent depression may be linked to the technological environment. Current Opinion in Psychology, 32, 89–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.06.036

Wilmots, E., Midgley, N., Thackeray, L., Reynolds, S., & Loades, M. (2020). The therapeutic relationship in Cognitive Behaviour Therapy with depressed adolescents: A qualitative study of good-outcome cases. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, and Practice, 93(2), 276–291. https://doi.org/10.1111/papt.12232

Downloads

Published

30-08-2024