Risk Factors Associated with the Incidence of Stunting in Toddlers Aged 6-24 Months
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26630/jk.v14i1.3769Keywords:
ODF, Hygiene access, Stunting, Source of drinking water.Abstract
The high stunting in toddlers aged 6-24 months is due to low access to quality drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene. Therefore, the risk of toddlers suffering from infectious diseases is still high, which disrupts the intake of nutrients needed for toddler growth. North Lampung Regency is one of the districts with a priority for tackling stunting because it still has a stunting prevalence of 24.7%. This study aims to determine risk factors associated with stunting, using a case-control design, a total sample of 768 (384 cases, 384 controls) toddlers 6-24 months in 39 villages from eight sub-districts. The study found that a history of exclusive breastfeeding is associated with stunting, OR=1,90 (95%CI: 1,36-2,65. History of sick children is related to the stunting at risk with OR=2,48 (95%CI: 1,70-3,62). Family incomeReferences
Ababa, A. (2018). JFood and Nutrition Policy The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Ethiopia.
Ademas, A., Adane, M., Keleb, A., Berihun, G., & Tesfaw, G. (2021). Water, sanitation, and hygiene as a priority intervention for stunting in under-five children in northwest Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 47(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-021-01128-y
Akombi, B. J., Agho, K. E., Hall, J. J., Wali, N., Renzaho, A. M. N., & Merom, D. (2017). Stunting, wasting and underweight in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(8), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14080863
Apriluana, G., & Fikawati, S. (2018). Analisis faktor-faktor risiko terhadap kejadian stunting pada balita (0-59 bulan) di negara berkembang dan asia tenggara. Media Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, 28(4), 247–256. http://ejournal2.litbang.kemkes.go.id/index.php/mpk/article/view/472
Ardiyani, S. P., & Asthiningsih, N. W. W. (2022). Hubungan Berat Badan Lahir dan Personal Hygiene dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Anak Balita: Literature Review. Borneo Student Research (BSR), 3(3), 2677–2691. https://dspace.umkt.ac.id/handle/463.2017/3094
Bappenas. (2020a). Metadata Indikator: Pilar Pembangunan Lingkungan. In Kementerian PPN/Bappenas. https://sdgs.bappenas.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Metadata-Pilar-Lingkungan-Edisi-II_REV3.pdf
Bappenas. (2020b). Pedoman Pengukuran Capaian Pembangunan Perumahan Dan Permukiman Berbasis Hasil (OUTCOME). Pokja PPAS Nasional.
Bappenas RI. (2012). Gerakan Nasional Percepatan Perbaikan Gizi Dalam Rangka Seribu Hari Pertama Kehidupan (Gerakan 100 HPK), 10–17. Pedoman Perencanaan Program.
Batiro, B., Demissie, T., Halala, Y., & Anjulo, A. A. (2017). Determinants of stunting among children aged 6-59 months at Kindo Didaye woreda, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia: Unmatched case-control study. PLoS ONE, 12(12), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189106
Berhe, K., Seid, O., Gebremariam, Y., Berhe, A., & Etsay, N. (2019). Risk factors of stunting (chronic undernutrition) of children aged 6 to 24 months in Mekelle City, Tigray Region, North Ethiopia: An unmatched case-control study. Plos one, 14(6), e0217736. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217736
BPS. (2019). Buku 4 Konsep dan Definisi Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) Modul Kesehatan dan Perumahan 2019. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik.
Butte, N. F., Lopez-Alarcon, M. G., & Garza, C. (2002). Nutrient Adequacy Of Exclusive For The Term Infant During The First Six Months Of Life. World Health Organization.
Cumming, O., & Cairncross, S. (2016). Can water, sanitation and hygiene help eliminate stunting? Current evidence and policy implications. Maternal & child nutrition, 12, 91-105. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12258
Fikadu, T., Assegid, S., & Dube, L. (2014). Factors associated with stunting among children of age 24 to 59 months in Meskan district, Gurage Zone, South Ethiopia: a case-control study. BMC public health, 14(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-800
Hapsari, W., Ichsan, B., & Med, M. (2018). Hubungan pendapatan keluarga, pengetahuan Ibu tentang gizi, tinggi badan orang tua, dan tingkat pendidikan ayah dengan kejadian stunting pada anak umur 12-59 bulan. [Skripsi]. Surakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Hasan, A., Kadarusman, H., & Sutopo, A. (2022). Air Minum, Sanitasi, dan Hygiene sebagai Faktor Risiko Stunting di Wilayah Pedesaan. Jurnal Kesehatan, 13(2), 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.26630/jk.v13i2.2984
Irianti, S., Prasetyoputra, P., Dharmayanti, I., Azhar, K., & Hidayangsih, P. S. (2019). The role of drinking water source, sanitation, and solid waste management in reducing childhood stunting in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 344(1), 0–9. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/344/1/012009
Kelsey, J. L., Whittemore, A. S., Evans, A. S., & Thompson, W. D. (1996). Methods in observational epidemiology (Vol. 10). Monographs in Epidemiology and.
Kementerian Kesehatan R. I. (2021). 7 dari 10 Rumah Tangga Indonesia Konsumsi Air Minum yang Terkontaminasi. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. https://www.kemkes.go.id/article/view/21040200001/7-dari-10-rumah-tangga-indonesia-konsumsi-air-minum-yang-terkontaminasi.html
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2022). Survei Status Gizi SSGI 2022. BKPK Kemenkes RI, 1–156.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2023). PERMENKES NO 2 TAHUN 2023 TENTANG Peraturan Pelaksanaan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomer 66 Tahun 2014 Tentang Kesehatan Lingkungan. pp. 1–175. Jakarta.
Kwami, C. S., Godfrey, S., Gavilan, H., Lakhanpaul, M., & Parikh, P. (2019). Water, sanitation, and hygiene: Linkages with stunting in rural Ethiopia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203793
Mulyaningsih, T., Mohanty, I., & Widyaningsih, V. (2021). Beyond personal factors : Multilevel determinants of childhood stunting in Indonesia. 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260265
Nasrul, N., Hafid, F., Thaha, A. R., & Suriah, S. (2015). Faktor Risiko Stunting Usia 6-23 Bulan di Kecamatan Bontoramba Kabupaten Jeneponto. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 11(3), 139-146. http://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/mkmi/article/view/518
National Water & Sanitation Information Services. (2020). Capaian BABS di Tempat Terbuka Nasional. Nawasis.org. https://www.nawasis.org/portal/galeri/read/capaian-babs-di-tempat-terbuka-nasional/52217
Otsuka, Y., Agestika, L., Sintawardani, N., & Yamauchi, T. (2019). Risk Factors for Undernutrition and Diarrhea Prevalence in an Urban Slum in Indonesia : Focus on Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene. 100(3), 727–732. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.18-0063
Rahma, I. M., & Mutalazimah, M. (2022). Correlation between Family Income and Stunting among Toddlers in Indonesia: A Critical Review. Proceedings of the International Conference on Health and Well-Being (ICHWB 2021), 49(Ichwb, 2021), 78–86. https://doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.220403.011
Sari, N., Manjorang, M. Y., Zakiyah, & Randell, M. (2021). Exclusive breastfeeding history risk factor associated with stunting children aged 12–23 months. Kesmas, 16(1), 28–32. https://doi.org/10.21109/KESMAS.V16I1.3291
Spencer, R. A., & Komro, K. A. (2017). Family economic security policies and child and family health. Clinical child and family psychology review, 20, 45-63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-017-0225-6
Tafesse, T., Yoseph, A., Mayiso, K., & Gari, T. (2021). Factors associated with stunting among children aged 6 – 59 months in Bensa District, Sidama Region, South Ethiopia : unmatched case-control study. BMC Pediatrics, pp. 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-021-03029-9
Torlesse, H., Cronin, A. A., Sebayang, S. K., & Nandy, R. (2016). Determinants of stunting in Indonesian children: Evidence from a cross-sectional survey indicate a prominent role for the water, sanitation, and hygiene sector in stunting reduction. BMC Public Health, 16(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3339-8
Uliyanti, U., Tamtomo, D. G., & Anantanyu, S. (2017). Faktor Yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita Usia 24-59 Bulan. Jurnal Vokasi Kesehatan, 3(2), 67-77. http://ejournal.poltekkes-pontianak.ac.id/index.php/JVK/article/view/107/pdf
Umeta, M., West, C. E., Verhoef, H., Haidar, J., & Hautvast, J. G. A. J. (2003). Factors Associated with Stunting in Infants Aged 5 – 11 Months in the Dodota-Sire District, Rural Ethiopia. The Journal of Nutrition, 133(4), 1064–1069. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/133.4.1064
Unicef. (2011). Programming Guide Infant and Young Child Feeding. UNICEF.
Wahdah, S., Juffrie, M., & Huriyati, E. (2016). Faktor risiko kejadian stunting pada anak umur 6-36 bulan di wilayah pedalaman Kecamatan Silat Hulu, Kapuas Hulu, Kalimantan Barat. Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics), 3(2), 119-130. http://dx.doi.org/10.21927/ijnd.2015.3(2).119-130
Welasasih, B. D., & Wirjatmadi, R. B. (2012). (2012). Beberapa Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Status Gizi Balita Stunting. The Indonesian Journal of Public Health, 3915(8(3)), 99–104.
WHO, & UNICEF. (2019). Progress on household drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene 2000-2017 Special focus on inequalities. Main report Progress on Drinking Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.