Model Stimulasi dan Resiliensi terhadap Perkembangan Sosial Emosional Anak Usia 3- 5 tahun

Authors

  • Elly Dwi Masita Unusa
  • Annif Munjidah Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya
  • Hinda Noviyanti Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26630/jk.v13i2.3061

Keywords:

Resillience, Stimulation, Socio emotional.

Abstract

Statistical data from the Covid 19 task force in Surabaya confirmed that the death rate for COVID-19 cases until February 2021 reached 1,276 from a cumulative number of 19,089 confirmed COVID-19 and most of the deaths were 42 years old. This condition caused fear, especially in the elderly, and families with children, toddlers, and families with newborns who are at risk of mental health crises, thus requiring the development of a resilience framework to develop a stimulation model for children's social-emotional development based on cultural values and beliefs. This study aimed to determine the model of parental stimulation and resilience and their effect on children's social and emotional development. This research is a survey with a cross-sectional approach, totality sampling is 300 respondents, the instrument uses a questionnaire, while the social-emotional uses the Social Diversity Questionnaire. Test analysis using SEM modeling. The results of the stimulation model have a positive influence on children's socio-emotional development of 0.78 with a t-count value of 4.556 and p-value=0.001. The resilience stage model has a t-count value of 4.987 and a path coefficient of 0.92 with a p-value=0.001. The resilience stage has a positive influence on the stimulation model of 0.57 with a t-count value of 3.245 and a p-value 0.001. Activities to stimulate the development of children at the age of 5 years can be done by making work together with parents with resilience conditions in the recovery stage.

References

Anwer, G., Masood, S., Younas, S., & Ahmad, M. (2019). Parental Rearing Practices as Predictors of Resilience and Emotional Intelligence among Young Adults. Foucation University Journal Of Psychology, 3(2), 1-38. https://fui.edu.pk/fjs/index.php/fujp/article/view/17

Austin, A. E., Gottfredson, N. C., Halpern, C. T., Zolotor, A. J., Marshall, S. W., Parrish, J. W., & Shanahan, M. E. (2020). Patterns of Risk and Protective Factors Among Alaska Children: Association With Maternal and Child Well-Being. Child Development, 91(5), 1650-1662. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13356

Baysu, G., Hillekens, J., Phalet, K., & Deaux, K. (2021). How Diversity Approaches Affect Ethnic Minority and Majority Adolescents: Teacher–Student Relationship Trajectories and School Outcomes. Child Development, 92(1), 367–387. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13417

Bonanno, G. A., Westphal, M., & Mancini, A. D. (2011). Resilience to loss and potential trauma. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 7, 511–535. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032210-104526

Bornstein, M. H., Britto, P. R., Nonoyamaâ€Tarumi, Y., Ota, Y., Petrovic, O., & Putnick, D. L. (2012). Child development in developing countries: Introduction and methods. Child development, 83(1), 16-31. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01671.x

Brown, W. H., & Conroy, M. A. (2011). Social-emotional competence in young children with developmental delays: Our reflection and vision for the future. Journal of Early Intervention, 33(4), 310–320. https://doi.org/10.1177/1053815111429969

Cabrera, N. J., Jeong Moon, U., Fagan, J., West, J., & Aldoney, D. (2020). Cognitive Stimulation at Home and in Child Care and Children’s Preacademic Skills in Two-Parent Families. Child Development, 91(5), 1709–1717. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13380

Caffo, E., Scandroglio, F., & Asta, L. (2020). Debate: COVID-19 and psychological well-being of children and adolescents in Italy. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 25(3), 167-168. https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12405

Daly, L. M. (2020). Resilience: An Integrated Review. Nursing Science Quarterly, 33(4), 330–338. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894318420943141

Drago, F., Scharf, R. J., Maphula, A., Nyathi, E., Mahopo, T. C., Svensen, E., Mduma, E., Bessong, P., & Rogawski McQuade, E. T. (2020). Psychosocial and environmental determinants of child cognitive development in rural south africa and tanzania: Findings from the mal-ed cohort. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08598-5

Dubus, N. (2018). Family resiliency during resettlement: A comparative study of two Syrian families resettled in an Arctic nation. Journal of Family Social Work, 21(2), 98–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/10522158.2017.1410269

Elvira, S. D., Lamuri, A., Lukman, P. R., Malik, K., Shatri, H., & Abdullah, M. (2021). Psychological distress among Greater Jakarta area residents during the COVID-19 pandemic and community containment. Heliyon, 7(August 2020), e06289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06289

Feder, A., Fred-Torres, S., Southwick, S. M., & Charney, D. S. (2019). The Biology of Human Resilience: Opportunities for Enhancing Resilience Across the Life Span. Biological Psychiatry, 86(6), 443-453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.07.012

Frei-Landau, R. (2020). “When the Going Gets Tough, the Tough Get-Creativeâ€: Israeli Jewish Religious Leaders Find Religiously Innovative Ways to Preserve Community Members’ Sense of Belonging and Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12(1959), 258-260. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000822

Garcia, N. (2019). Parenting stress and Child Behavior Problems : Examining Whether Marital Satisfaction Plays a Moderating Role. https://www.csustan.edu/sites/default/files/groups/McNair%20Scholars%20Program/20192020Journals/nora_garcia_f.pdf

Gonzalez, A., Cervoni, C., Lochner, M., Marangio, J., Stanley, C., & Marriott, S. (2020). Supporting Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mental Health Support Initiatives and Lessons Learned From an Academic Medical Center. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12, 168-170. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000893

Hadfield, K., & Ungar, M. (2018). Family resilience: Emerging trends in theory and practice. Journal of Family Social Work, 21(2), 81–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/10522158.2018.1424426

Jeffrey, J., Marlotte, L., & Hajal, N. J. (2020). Providing telebehavioral health to youth and families during COVID-19: Lessons from the field. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12, S272-S273. https://doi.org/10.1037/TRA0000817

Knauer, H. A., Ozer, E. J., Dow, W., & Fernald, L. C. H. (2018). Stimulating parenting practices in indigenous and non-indigenous Mexican communities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15010029

Larson, L. M., Martorell, R., & Bauer, P. J. (2018). A Path Analysis of Nutrition, Stimulation, and Child Development Among Young Children in Bihar, India. Child Development, 89(5), 1871-1886. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13057

Lissoni, B., Del Negro, S., Brioschi, P., Casella, G., Fontana, I., Bruni, C., & Lamiani, G. (2020). Promoting Resilience in the Acute Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Psychological Interventions for Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Clinicians and Family Members. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12, 105-107. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000802

Luthar, S. S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). The Construct of Resilience(CD2000).pdf. Child Development Journal, 71(3), 543–562. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00164

Makino, M., Kanie, A., Nakajima, A., & Takebayashi, Y. (2020). Mental Health Crisis of Japanese Health Care Workers Under COVID-19. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12, 136-137. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000819

Mancini, A. D. (2020). Heterogeneous Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19: Costs and Benefits. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12, 15-16. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000894

Masten, A. S. (2018). Resilience Theory and Research on Children and Families: Past, Present, and Promise. Journal of Family Theory and Review, 10(1), 12–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12255

McLean, K. (2020). Using the Sociocultural Concept of Learning Activity To Understand Parents’ Learning About Play in Community Playgroups and Social Media. British Journal of Educational Studies, 00(00), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071005.2020.1724258

Morote, R., Hjemdal, O., Uribe, P. M., & Corveleyn, J. (2017). Psychometric properties of the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA) and its relationship with life-stress, anxiety and depression in a Hispanic Latin-American community sample. PLoS ONE, 12(11), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187954

Orgilés, M., Morales, A., Delvecchio, E., Mazzeschi, C., & Espada, J. P. (2020). Immediate psychological effects of the COVID-19 quarantine in youth from Italy and Spain. Frontiers in psychology, 2986.https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.57903

PeConga, E. K., Gauthier, G. M., Holloway, A., Walker, R. S. W., Rosencrans, P. L., Zoellner, L. A., & Bedard-Gilligan, M. (2020). Resilience Is Spreading: Mental Health Within the COVID-19 Pandemic. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12, 47-48. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000874

Reupert, A., & Maybery, D. (2016). What do we know about families where parents have a mental illness? A systematic review. Child and Youth Services, 37(2), 98–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/0145935X.2016.1104037

Satgas Covid 19 Pemkot Surabaya. (2020). Surabaya Lawan Covid 19. Pemerintah Kota Surabaya. https://lawancovid-19.surabaya.go.id/

Stark, A. M., White, A. E., Rotter, N. S., & Basu, A. (2020). Shifting From Survival to Supporting Resilience in Children and Families in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons for Informing U.S. Mental Health Priorities. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12, 133-135. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000781

Sun, S., Lin, D., & Operario, D. (2020). Need for a Population Health Approach to Understand and Address Psychosocial Consequences of COVID-19. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12, 25–27. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000618

Tanskanen, A. O., & Danielsbacka, M. (2018). Multigenerational Effects on Children’s Cognitive and Socioemotional Outcomes: A Within-Child Investigation. Child Development, 89(5), 1856–1870. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12968

Tyrka, A. R., Lee, J. K., Graber, J. A., Clement, A. M., Kelly, M. M., DeRose, L., Warren, M. P., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2012). Neuroendocrine predictors of emotional and behavioral adjustment in boys: Longitudinal follow-up of a community sample. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 37(12), 2042–2046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.04.004

Ueno, Y., Hirano, M., & Oshio, A. (2020). The development of resilience in Japanese adults: A two-wave latent change model. Health Psychology Open, 7(1), 3–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/2055102920904726

Ungar, M. (2016). Varied Patterns of Family Resilience in Challenging Contexts. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 42(1), 19-31. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmft.12124

VanMeter, F., & Cicchetti, D. (2020). Resilience. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 173, 67-73.

https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-64150-2.00008-3

Waller, R., Powell, T., Rodriguez, Y., Corbett, N., Perlstein, S., White, L. K., Barzilay, R., & Wagner, N. J. (2021). The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children’s Conduct Problems and Callous-Unemotional Traits. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 0123456789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-020-01109-y

Walsh, F. (2003). Family resilience: A framework for clinical practice. Family Process, 42(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2003.00001.x

Zhang, S., Wang, L., Xian, Y., & Bai, Y. (2021). Mental health issues among caregivers of young children in rural china: Prevalence, risk factors, and links to child developmental outcomes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010197

Zhou, X. (2020). Managing Psychological Distress in Children and Adolescents Following the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Cooperative Approach. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12, 76-78. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000754

Downloads

Additional Files

Published

2022-09-07

Issue

Vol. 13 No. 2 (2022): Jurnal Kesehatan

Section

Articles

License

Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.