Pengaruh Cahaya Light Emiting Diode (LED) di Malam Hari terhadap Kortisol Serum dan Parameter Hematologi pada Tikus Wistar Jantan

Authors

  • Nila Ardilla Arief Magister Program of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
  • Aryadi Arsyad Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Hasanuddin
  • Irfan Idris Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Hasanuddin

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26630/jk.v12i3.2670

Keywords:

Circadian rhythms, Cortisol, Lighting, LED, Hematology.

Abstract

This modern era has changed the pattern of how humans do their daily activities in 24 hours. The pattern change includes time-shifting, most human activities now are performed at night. The consequences of the changes in human activities pattern and the increase of artificial lighting use in the night were assumed unhealthy, but how the mechanism worked was not identified yet. This was an experimental study conducted on male Wistar rats aged 12-16 weeks which were divided into 4 categories: 1 intervention group exposed for 15 days, 1 intervention group exposed for 30 days, and 2 control groups for each time exposure, light intensity 1200lux. At the end of exposures, the blood samples were taken from rats that had been anesthetized before by using ether. Then blood samples were taken to analyze their cortisol levels using the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method and the hematology was examined through autoanalyzer Abaxis. The data were analyzed using an independent T-test and Mann-Whitney test and considered significant if p-value<0,05. Overall, the cortisol and hematology levels indicated, especially Red Blood Cell (RBC), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), and neutrophil specifically for the group which had been exposed by LED lighting for 30 days. 

References

Alves-Simoes, M., Coleman, G., & Canal, M. M. (2016). Effects of type of light on mouse circadian behaviour and stress levels. Laboratory Animals, 50(1), 21-29. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023677215588052

Bedrosian, T. A., & Nelson, R. J. (2017). Timing of light exposure affects mood and brain circuits. Translational Psychiatry, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2016.262

Blume, C., Garbazza, C., & Spitschan, M. (2019). Effects of light on human circadian rhythms, sleep and mood. Somnologie, 23(3), 147-156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11818-019-00215-x

Buijs, R. M., van Eden, C. G., Goncharuk, V. D., & Kalsbeek, A. (2003). The biological clock tunes the organs of the body: Timing by hormones and the autonomic nervous system. Journal of Endocrinology, 177(1), 17-26. https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1770017

Cho, Y. M., Ryu, S. H., Lee, B. R., Kim, K. H., Lee, E., & Choi, J. (2015). Effects of artificial light at night on human health: A literature review of observational and experimental studies applied to exposure assessment. Chronobiology International, 32(9), 1294-1310. https://doi.org/10.3109/07420528.2015.1073158

Claustrat, B., Valatx, J. L., Harthé, C., & Brun, J. (2008). Effect of constant light on prolactin and corticosterone rhythms evaluated using a noninvasive urine sampling protocol in the rat. Hormone and Metabolic Research, 40(6), 398-403. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1065330

Fonken, L. K., Aubrecht, T. G., Meléndez-Fernández, O. H., Weil, Z. M., & Nelson, R. J. (2013). Dim light at night disrupts molecular circadian rhythms and increases body weight. Journal of Biological Rhythms, 28(4), 262-271.

https://doi.org/10.1177/0748730413493862

Fonken, L. K., Kitsmiller, E., Smale, L., & Nelson, R. J. (2012). Dim nighttime light impairs cognition and provokes depressive-like responses in a diurnal rodent. Journal of Biological Rhythms, 27(4), 319–327. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748730412448324

Fonken, L. K., & Nelson, R. J. (2014). The effects of light at night on circadian clocks and metabolism. Endocrine Reviews, 35(4), 648-670.

https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2013-1051

Gnocchi, D., & Bruscalupi, G. (2017). Circadian rhythms and hormonal homeostasis: Pathophysiological implications. Biology, 6(1), 1-20.

https://doi.org/10.3390/biology6010010

Hana, P., Eliska, B., Michal, K., Lucia, H., & Zdenek, H. (2015). The Effect of Light Intensity Upon Hematological Parameters of Brown Rats’ Blood. MendelNet, 2008-2011.

Ji, L., Zhao, Z., Shen, L., & Zhang, J. (2014). Influence on mice micro circulation and blood serum spectrum characteristic induced by light sources of different type and power. Optik, 125(1), 477-481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2013.07.022

Jung, C. M., Khalsa, S. B. S., Scheer, F. A. J. L., Cajochen, C., Lockley, S. W., Czeisler, C. A., & Wright, K. P. (2010). Acute effects of bright light exposure on cortisol levels. Journal of Biological Rhythms, 25(3), 208-216. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748730410368413

Kunugi, H., Hori, H., Adachi, N., & Numakawa, T. (2010). Interface between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in depression. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 64(5), 447-459. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.2010.02135.x

Makartseva, L., Kozlova, M., Kirillov, Y., & Areshidze, D. (2021). The effect of constant lighting on the organization of circadian rhythms of hematological parameters in wistar rats at age of 6 months. International Journal of

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 12(3), 1933-1938.

https://doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.12(3).1933-38

MiloÅ¡ević, V., Trifunović, S., Sekulić, M., Å oÅ¡ić-Jurjević, B., Filípović, B., Negić, N., … StarÄević, V. (2005). Chronic exposure to constant light affects morphology and secretion of adrenal zona fasciculata cells in female rats. General Physiology and Biophysics, 24(3), 299-309.

Mohawk, J. A., Pargament, J. M., & Lee, T. M. (2007). Circadian dependence of corticosterone release to light exposure in the rat. Physiology and Behavior, 92(5), 800-806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.06.009

Nelson, R. J., & Chbeir, S. (2018). Dark matters: Effects of light at night on metabolism. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 77(3), 223-229. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665118000198

Neumann, A. M., Schmidt, C. X., Brockmann, R. M., & Oster, H. (2019). Circadian regulation of endocrine systems. Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical, 216(September 2018), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autneu.2018.10.001

Opperhuizen, A. L., Stenvers, D. J., Jansen, R. D., Foppen, E., Fliers, E., & Kalsbeek, A. (2017). Light at night acutely impairs glucose tolerance in a time-, intensity- and wavelength-dependent manner in rats. Diabetologia, 60(7), 1333–1343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-017-4262-y

Rohling, J. H. T., vanderLeest, H. T., Michel, S., Vansteensel, M. J., & Meijer, J. H. (2011). Phase resetting of the mammalian circadian clock relies on a rapid shift of a small population of pacemaker neurons. PLoS ONE, 6(9), 16-18. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025437

Rumanova, V. S., Okuliarova, M., & Zeman, M. (2020). Differential effects of constant light and dim light at night on the circadian control of metabolism and behavior. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(15), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155478

Russart, K. L. G., & Nelson, R. J. (2018). Artificial light at night alters behavior in laboratory and wild animals. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological and Integrative Physiology, 329(8-9), 401-408. https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.2173

Sandra, Y. (2011). Melatonin dan Kanker Payudara. Majalah Kesehatan Pharmamedika, 3(2), 286-291. http://academicjournal.yarsi.ac.id/index.php/majalah-Pharamedika/article/view/450

Sherwood, L. (2019). Introduction to Human Physiology. Cengage learning

Tähkämö, L., & Halonen, L. (2015). Life cycle assessment of road lighting luminaires - Comparison of light-emitting diode and high-pressure sodium technologies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 93, 234-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.01.025

Tähkämö, L., Martinsons, C., Ravel, P., Grannec, F., & Zizzis, G. (2014). Solid State Lighting Annex: Life Cycle Assessment of Solid State Lighting.CiteSeer.

Tordjman, S., Chokron, S., Delorme, R., Charrier, A., Bellissant, E., Jaafari, N., … Perdana. (2019). Protective role of melatonin on retinal ganglionar cell: In vitro an in vivo evidences. Life Sciences, 15(9), 1689-1699. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X14666161228122

Vinogradova, I., & Anisimov, V. (2013). Melatonin prevents the development of the metabolic syndrome in male rats exposed to different light/dark regimens. Biogerontology, 14(4), 401-409. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10522-013-9437-4

Welsh, P., Doolin, O., Mcconnachie, A., Boulton, E., Mcneil, G., Macdonald, H., … Sattar, N. (2012). Calcium Associations with Incident Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality: The MIDSPAN Family Study. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 97(12), 4578-4587. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012

Downloads

Published

2021-11-30

Issue

Vol. 12 No. 3 (2021): Jurnal Kesehatan

Section

Articles

License

Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.