Hubungan Faktor Sosiodemografi dengan Kejadian Anemia Mikrositik Hipokromik pada Ibu Hamil di RSIA Permata Bunda Kabupaten Pandegelang

Authors

  • Muhammad Fauzan Iqbal Universitas Lampung
  • Sutarto Universitas Lampung
  • Anisa Nuraisa Jausal Universitas Lampung
  • Rodiani Universitas Lampung
  • Reni Indriyani Poltekkes Kemenkes Tanjungkarang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26630/jds.v2i1.5673

Keywords:

microcytic hypochromic anemia, pregnant women, sociodemographic factors, maternal health, case-control study

Abstract

Anemia in pregnant women remains a significant public health problem and contributes to increased maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Microcytic hypochromic anemia is the most common type of anemia during pregnancy and is associated with various factors, including sociodemographic characteristics. This study aimed to analyze the association between sociodemographic factors and microcytic hypochromic anemia status among pregnant women at Permata Ibunda Mother and Child Hospital, Pandeglang Regency, in 2024. This study used an analytical observational design with a case-control approach. A total of 74 pregnant women were included and divided into case and control groups based on anemia status. Data were obtained from medical records and analyzed using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that age (p=0.027), education (p=0.032), healthcare class (p=0.035), and residential area (p=0.030) were significantly associated with microcytic hypochromic anemia, while occupation (p=0.127) was not significantly associated. Pregnant women with non-ideal age, lower educational level, lower healthcare class, and those living in rural areas had a higher risk of developing anemia. In conclusion, certain sociodemographic factors are associated with the occurrence of microcytic hypochromic anemia among pregnant women. Therefore, comprehensive interventions through health education, improved access to healthcare services, and enhancement of socioeconomic conditions are needed to reduce the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women.

Author Biographies

Muhammad Fauzan Iqbal, Universitas Lampung

Pendidikan Dokter

Sutarto, Universitas Lampung

Bagian Ilmu Kedokteran Komunitas, Fakultas Kedokteran

Anisa Nuraisa Jausal, Universitas Lampung

Kedokteran Komunitas

Rodiani, Universitas Lampung

Profesi Dokter

Reni Indriyani, Poltekkes Kemenkes Tanjungkarang

Jurusan Gizi

References

Al-Rudaini, R. S. N., Tawfeeq, A. A., Al-Gburi, A. S., & Saeed, B. N. (2025). Anemia in Pregnant Women: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Knowledge Gaps in Baghdad’s Primary Healthcare Centers. South Eastern European Journal of Public Health, XXVII, 473–486.

Aldakhil, L. O., Alobaid, S., Almogbel, A. T., & Alfouzan, S. M. (2025). Anemia in Pregnancy: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes. Anemia in Pregnancy: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes, 17(10), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.93807

Ameline, A. S., Chandra, D. N., Htet, M. K., Zahra, N. L., & Fahmida, U. (2025). Prevalence and factors associated with anemia among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic in East Lombok district, Indonesia. PLOS ONE, 20(6), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0323942

Ananda, F. T., Lusita, P., Indriani, N., Anggraini, A., & Sari, E. P. (2022). Kejadian Anemia Ringan Pada Ibu Hamil Di Pmb Az-Zahwa Muara Enim The Occurrence Of Mild Anemia In Pregnant Women At Pmb Az-Zahwa Muara Enim. Gorontalo Journal Health and Science Community, 9(3), 177–184.

Ayele, M. A., Fenta, H. M., Zike, D. T., & Tesfaw, L. M. (2023). Spatial distribution and trends of anemia among pregnant women in Ethiopia: EDHS 2005–2016. Frontiers in Public Health, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1089383

Az-Zahra, A. J., & Al Jihad, M. N. (2022). Peningkatan Kadar Trombosit pada Pasien Anak Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) dengan Mengonsumsi Jus Jambu Biji Merah. Ners Muda, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.26714/nm.v3i2.6319

Balcha, W. F., Eteffa, T., Tesfu, A. A., Alemayehu, B. A., Chekole, F. A., Ayenew, A. A., Gessesse, N. A., Getu, A. A., Kassahun, E. A., Gezahegn, T. W., Adugna, K. F., & Nega, A. T. (2023). Factors associated with anemia among pregnant women attended antenatal care: a health facility-based cross-sectional study. Annals of Medicine & Surgery, 85(5), 1712–1721. https://doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000000608

Balta, B., Degefu, S., Tamirat, E., Yaya, H., Nigusie, M., & Bogale, A. (2026). Prevalence and associated factors of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Wolaita Sodo University comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 24(January), 100978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2026.100978

Dagne, W. K., Shiferaw, M., Gedfie, S., Jemal, A., Gashaw, M., Kumie, G., Bazezew, A., Sisay, A., Abebe, W., Nigatie, M., Misganaw, T., Asmare, Z., Getachew, E., Gashaw, Y., Ashagre, A., Tefera, Z., Alemu, B. B., Tamrat, E., Kassanew, B., … Reta, M. A. (2026). Modifiable risk factors for anemia in pregnancy: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-08531-x

Dana O. Kareem, Ahmed MS. Amin, Ayman M. Mustafa, Akam K. Qadir, Meer N. Ahmed, Soma N. Omer, Hevin B. Jabbar, Rawezh Q. Salih, Mohammed T. Taha, Rozhgar A. Ezzat, Berun A. Abdalla, & Shvan H. Mohammed. (2025). Tracing Hematological Shifts in Pregnancy: How Anemia and Thrombocytopenia Evolve Across Trimesters. Barw Medical Journal, 3(2), 15–22. https://doi.org/10.58742/bmj.v3i2.171

Dianaulina, D., Fajar, N. A., & Sriwijaya, U. (2024). Implementasi Program Viona ( Visibility of Routine Activity ) dalam Penerapan SOP di Kimia Farma Laboratorium dan Klinik Unit Bisnis Sumatera 3. 9(8).

Diani Mentari, & Gilang Nugraha. (2023). Mengenal Anemia: Patofisiologi, Klasifikasi, dan Diagnosis (Mayasuri Presellia (ed.); Pertama, Vol. 1). Brin.

Emeghara, G. I., Awoyesuku, P. A., Omietimi, J. E., Altraide, B. O., Omunakwe, H. E., & Tee, P. G. P. (2024). Sociodemographic determinants of anaemia in pregnant women at antenatal clinic booking. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 13(12), 3477–3483. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20243577

Fadhilah, A. R., Sulastri, D., & Karmia, H. R. (2023). Hubungan Status Gizi dengan Kejadian Hiperemesis Gravidarum. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.25077/jikesi.v3i3.643

Feleke, B. E., & Feleke, T. E. (2018). Pregnant mothers are more anemic than lactating mothers, a comparative cross-sectional study, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. BMC Hematology, 18(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12878-018-0096-1

Izah, N., Zulfiana, Ev., & Rahmanindar, N. (2020). Analisis sebaran dan determinan stunting pada balita berdasarkan pola asuh (status imunisasi dan pemberian ASI eksklusif). Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan Dan Kebidanan, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.26751/jikk.v11i1.764

Mbowe, F., Darboe, K. S., Sanyang, A. M., & Barrow, A. (2025). Prevalence and determinants of anemia among pregnant women attending maternal and child health clinics at Sukuta Health Center, The Gambia: An institutional-based cross-sectional study. Women’s Health, 21. https://doi.org/10.1177/17455057251338380

Mehrotra, M., Yadav, S., Deshpande, A., & Mehrotra, H. (2018). Original Article A study of the prevalence of anemia and associated sociodemographic factors in pregnant women in Port Blair , Andaman and Nicobar Islands. 2–7. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc

Musni, M. (2019). Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Anemia Pada Ibu Hamil Di Puskesmas Watampone. Nursing Inside Community, 1(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.35892/nic.v1i1.3

Nurfajriah, N., Azam, M., & Indarjo, S. (2024). Factors Associated with the Incidence of Anemia among Pregnant Women in Indonesia (IFLS 5 Secondary Data Analysis). Public Health Perspective Journal, 8(1), 40–54. https://doi.org/10.15294/phpj.v8i1.9218

Obeagu, E. I. (2025). Comparing Anemia Prevalence in Rural vs . Urban Pregnant Populations : A Comparing Anemia Prevalence in Rural vs . Urban Pregnant Populations : A Review. International Research in Medical and Health Sciences, 7(6), 31–38.

Obianeli, C., Afifi, K., Stanworth, S., & Churchill, D. (2024). Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Pregnancy : A Narrative Review from a Clinical Perspective. Diagnostics, 14(2306), 1–17. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/ diagnostics14202306

Poniman, P., Arjunah, A., Nua, A., Sudirman, S., & Yani, A. (2025). Anemia Pada Perempuan Dan Remaja Putri Tinjauan Multidimensional Atas Determinan Gizi, Sosial Dan Ekonomi Di Berbagai Konteks Global : Literature Review. Prepotif : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 9(2), 4186–4201. https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v9i2.47606

Putrikrislia, U. P. (2025). Masalah Stunting pada Anak: Gejala, Penyebab, dan Cara Mengatasinya. Journal of Indonesian Specialized Nutrition, 3(4).

Sharma, N., Kishore, J., Gupta, M., Singla, H., Dayma, R., & Sharma, J. B. (2024). Prevalence and socio-demographic and obstetric factors for anaemia among pregnant women in second and third trimester in a tertiary hospital of Delhi. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health, 11(5), 2022–2029. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20241203

Sichalwe, M. M., Charles, D. E., Kimaro, R. R., Basit, A., Tavengana, G., & Behera, M. R. (2025). Anaemia in pregnancy across Tanzania: A comprehensive review of prevalence, risk factors, and birth outcomes. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 36(October), 102219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102219

Sugesti, R. (2025). Factors Influencing the Incidence of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review. Journal of Health Research and Technology, 3(2), 145–164. https://doi.org/10.58439/jhrt.v3i2.288

Tarigan, N., Bangun, S., Doloksaribu, B., & Sihotang, U. (2022). Pendidikan gizi dengan media animasi dalam upaya memperbaiki kadar hemoglobin dan asupan gizi ibu hamil anemia. Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia, 19(2), 88. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.70224

Wang, Z., Xu, B., Tan, Y., & Fan, T. (2024). Diagnostic value and method of soluble transferrin receptor for suspected coronary artery disease: a case-control study. Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.21037/cdt-23-450

Yosri, A. M., Azam, A., Alanazi, F., Alshehri, A. H., & Okail, M. A. (2024). Shear strength and particle breakage of construction and demolition waste as a function of moisture state and compaction level: Insights for sustainable highway engineering. PLoS ONE, 19(3 March), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0298765

Zazuli, Z., Furqani, W. H., & Putri, S. U. A. (2024). Impact of education on anemia in pregnant women attending Bandung community health centers: knowledge, therapy adherence, hemoglobin, and iron intake. Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia, 22(2), 224. https://doi.org/10.35814/jifi.v22i2.1559

Zillmer, K., Pokharel, A., Spielman, K., Kershaw, M., Ayele, K., Kidane, Y., Belachew, T., Houser, R. F., Kennedy, E., Griffiths, J. K., & Ghosh, S. (2017). Predictors of anemia in pregnant women residing in rural areas of the Oromiya region of Ethiopia. BMC Nutrition, 3(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-017-0166-y

Downloads

Published

2026-06-03

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Dietetics Science

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Fauzan Iqbal, Sutarto, Anisa Nuraisa Jausal, Rodiani, Reni Indriyani

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as this can lead to productive exchanges and earlier and greater citations of published work.