Type and Duration of Use of Hormonal Contraceptives as a Trigger for Maternal Weight Increase in Family Planning Acceptors in Bali: A Cohort Study

Ni Kadek Evi Komala Dewi, I Made Wandia, Pande Ayu Naya Kasih Permatananda

Abstract


Introduction: Hormonal contraceptives are widely chosen by mothers to regulate the number of children and the spacing of births. However, the use of hormonal contraceptives provokes the side effects of weight gain. Purpose: This study evaluated the relationship between the type and duration of hormonal contraceptive use with weight gain in family planning acceptance in the Community Public Health Ubud I sub-district of Bali Province, Indonesia. Methods: The cohort study is a retrospective research design. A total of 92 acceptors, namely mothers who use contraception for at least 6 months as samples. Data are secondary sourced from medical records at Community Health Centers that meet the research criteria. Questionnaire as a measuring tool to obtain data on the type and duration of contraceptive use and body weight before and after hormonal contraceptive use. Analysis of bivariate data using the chi-square test and Wilcoxon test. Results: The number of 92 study subjects after conducting uji Wilcoxon found an association between hormonal contraceptive use and weight gain (p = 0.001) and the chi-square test showed a relationship between the length of contraceptive use and weight gain (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Weight gain in mothers is influenced by the length of hormonal contraceptive use. The duration of use of hormonal-type contraceptives needs to be considered as the basis for the realization of a program to prevent weight gain in family planning acceptors.

Latar Belakang: Kontrasepsi hormonal banyak dipilih ibu-ibu untuk mengatur jumlah anak dan jarak kelahiran anak. Namun, penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal memicu efek samping peningkatan berat badan. Tujuan: untuk mengevaluasi efek antara jenis dan lama penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal dengan peningkatan berat badan pada akseptor keluarga berencana di Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat kecamatan Ubud I Provinsi Bali, Indonesia. Metode: Studi cohort merupakan desain penelitian bersifat retrospektif. Sebanyak 92 aksepor, yaitu ibu-ibu pengguna kontrasepsi minimal 6 bulan sebagai sampel. Data bersifat sekunder bersumber rekam medis di Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Kuesioner sebagai alat ukur untuk memperoleh data jenis dan lama penggunaan alat kontrasepsi dan berat badan sebelum dan sesudah penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal. Analisis data bivariat menggunakan uji chi square dan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil: Subjek penelitian berjumlah 92 setelah dilakukan uji wilcoxon menemukan ada hubungan penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal dengan peningkatan berat badan (p=0,001) dan uji chi square menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara lama penggunaan kontrasepsi dengan peningkatan berat badan (p=0,001). Simpulan: Peningkatan berat badan pada ibu-ibu dipengaruhi oleh lama penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal. Lama penggunaan kontrasepsi jenis hormonal perlu diperhatikan sebagai dasar perwujudan program pencegahan peningkatan berat badan pada akseptor keluarga berencana.

Keywords


hormonal contraceptive; family planning; weight gain; Bali

Full Text:

PDF

References


Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Bali. (2019, April). Jumlah Peserta Keluarga Berencana Aktif Menurut Metode Kontrasepsi dan Kabupaten/Kota di Bali.

Bovo, A. C., Pedrão, P. G., Guimarães, Y. M., Godoy, L. R., Resende, J. C. P., Longatto-Filho, A., & Reis, R. dos. (2023). Combined Oral Contraceptive Use and the Risk of Cervical Cancer: Literature Review. Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetricia/RBGO-Gynecology and Obstetrics, 45(12), e818–e824. DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776403

Cahyawati, P. N., Aryastuti, A. A. S. A., & Permatananda, P. A. N. K. (2022). Penyuluhan dan Pendampingan Pemilihan Metode Kontrasepsi pada Kelompok Arisan Dewi Sartika Denpasar Timur. E-Dimas: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 13(1), 91–96. https://doi.org/10.26877/e-dimas.v13i1.4895

De Leo, V., Musacchio, M. C., Cappelli, V., Piomboni, P., & Morgante, G. (2016). Hormonal contraceptives: Pharmacology tailored to women’s health. Human Reproduction Update, 22(5), 634–646. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmw016

Dockalova, B., Lau, K., Barclay, H., & Marshall, A. (2016). Sustainable development goals and family planning 2020. International Planned Parenthood Federation. London. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=id&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Dockalova%2C+B.%2C+Lau%2C+K.%2C+Barclay%2C+H.%2C+%26+Marshall%2C+A.+%282016%29.+Sustainable+development+goals+

Hartono, H. (2011). Keluarga Berencana dan Kontrasepsi. Pustaka Sinar Harapan.

Hasan, M., Mayulu, N., & Kawengian, S. (2013). Hubungan Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Hormonal dengan Obesitas pada Wanita Usia Subur (WUS) di Puskesmas Wawonasa Kecamatan Singkil Manado. Jurnal E-Biomedik (EBM), 1(2), 946–950. https://doi.org/10.35790/ebm.v1i2.3313

Ibrahim, Z. (2016). Kenaikan Berat Badan dengan Lama Pemakaian Alat Kontrasepsi Hormonal Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pembantu Sungai Mengkuang Tahun 2015. Journal Endurance, 1(February), 22–27. https://doi.org/10.22216/jen.v1i1.591

Kamani, M., Akgor, U., & Gültekin, M. (2022). Review of the literature on combined oral contraceptives and cancer. Ecancermedicalscience, 16. doi: 10.3332/ecancer.2022.1416

Khoiriah, A. (2016). Hubungan Penambahan Berat Badan pada Akseptor Kontrasepsi Hormonal di BPM Zuniawati Palembang. Jurnal Kesehatan, 7(2), 271–276. https://doi.org/10.26630/jk.v7i2.200

Kumala, T. F. (2021). Hubungan Lama Pemakaian Kontrasepsi Suntik Depo Progestin Dengan Kenaikan Berat Badan. OVUM: Journal of Midwifery and Health Sciences, 1(1), 42–48. https://doi.org/10.47701/ovum.v1i1.1351

Kunang, A., Septiasari, Y., & Meinanda, D. (2020). Hubungan Lama Pemakaian FP Suntik 3 Bulan Depo Medrosik Progesteron Asetat (DMPA) dengan Peningkatan Berat Badan. Jurnal Medika : Karya Ilmiah Kesehatan, 5(1), 2541–4615. https://doi.org/10.35728/jmkik.v5i1.115

Mamuroh, L., Nurhakim, F., & Solehati, T. (2019). The family planning program accepts attitudes and behaviors to overcome the side effects of contraception. Journal of Maternity Care and Reproductive Health, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.36780/jmcrh.v2i1.55

Mas’udah, E. K., Wildan, M., & Dzulhijah, D. F. (2021). Perbedaan pengaruh lama pemakaian kontrasepsi pil kombinasi dengan dmpa terhadap peningkatan indeks massa tubuh. Jurnal Kebidanan, 10(1), 29–39. https://doi.org/10.47560/keb.v10i1.275

Mulyani, N., & Rinawati, M. (2016). Keluarga Berencana dan Alat Kontrasepsi. Nuha Medika. https://doi.org/10.1300/J153v04n01_13

Odelola, O. I., & Akadri, A. A. (2021). Weight Changes Among Depo-Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Acceptors In Sagamu, Southwest Nigeria. East African Medical Journal, 98(9). https://openurl.ebsco.com/EPDB%3Agcd%3A9%3A16123513/detailv2?sid=ebsco%3Aplink%3Ascholar&id=ebsco%3Agcd%3A153115752&crl=c

Pemayun, T. G. A. D., Budhitresna, A. A. G., & Permatananda, P. A. N. K. (2022). Gambaran Tingkat Aktivitas Fisik dan Kejadian Obesitas pada Civitas Akademika Universitas Warmadewa , Bali. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 6(2), 8526–8532.

Pradnyawati, L. G., Cahyawati, P. N., & Permatananda, P. A. N. K. (2021). Pemberdayaan Kader dalam Pencegahan IMS dan HIV/AIDS pada Pedagang Perempuan di Kota Denpasar. Paradharma (Jurnal Aplikasi IPTEKS), 4(2), 145–150.

Pratiwi, D., Syahredi, & Erkadius. (2014). Hubungan Antara Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Hormonal Suntik DMPA dengan Peningkatan Berat Badan di Puskesmas Lapai Kota Padang. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas, 3(3), 365–369. https://doi.org/10.25077/jka.v3i3.130

Purohit, R., & Soni, S. (2023). A Review On Oral Contraception And Breast Cancer. Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences, 34–50. http://sifisheriessciences.com/index.php/journal/article/view/1001

Putra, N. M. W. N. D., Arsana, I. W. E., & Permatananda, P. A. N. K. (2021). Hubungan Antara Body Image dengan Perilaku Diet pada Mahasiswi Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Warmadewa Tahun Angkatan 2020. Aesculapius Medical Journal, 1(1), 27–31. https://www.ejournal.warmadewa.ac.id/index.php/amj/article/view/4006

Rismawanti, V. (2020). Relationship Between Knowledge of Contraception Acceptors with Sede Effects of the Three Month Injection Family Planning in Kambesko Health Center 2017. Journal of Midwifery, 4(2), 87–93. https://doi.org/10.25077/jom.4.2.87-93.2019

Saputri, R. M. N. (2020). Hubungan Lama Pemakaian Kontrasepsi Suntik (DMPA) dengan Peningkatan Berat Badan Pada Akseptor FP Di BPM Farida Hajri Surabaya. Universitas Airlangga. http://digilib.unisayogya.ac.id/1366/

Silva, P., Qadir, S., Fernandes, A., Bahamondes, L., & Peipert, J. F. (2018). Dietary Intake and Eating Behavior in Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Users: A Systematic Review. In Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research (Vol. 51, Issue 6, pp. 1–6). https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X20187575

Siregar, P. A., Nurhayati, N., Adinda, D., Sitorus, M. A., Catursaptanie, R., & Hutasoit, E. F. (2022). Analysis of Family Planning Dropouts in Women of Reproductive Age. Jurnal Riset Kesehatan, 11(1), 53–59. https://doi.org/10.31983/jrk.v11i1.8449

Soleha, S. (2016). Studi Tentang Dampak Program Keluarga Berencana Di Desa Bangun Mulya Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara. E Journal Ilmu Pemerintahan, 4(1), 39–52. https://ejournal.ip.fisip-unmul.ac.id/site/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Jurnal%20Siti%20Soleha%20(01-11-16-11-07-40).pdf

Stachenfeld, N. S. (2008). Sex Hormone Effects on Body Fluid Regulation. Exerc. Sport Sci Rev, 36(3), 152–159. https://doi.org/10.1097/JES.0b013e31817be928.Sex

Ulfah, W., Rejeki, S., & Khayati, N. (2017). Jenis dan Lama Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Hormonal dengan Obesitas di Desa Manggarmas Kecamatan Godong Kabupaten Grobogan. Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang.

Velayati. (2015). Hubungan antara Jenis Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Hormonal dan Peningkatan Berat Badan pada Perempuan Usia 26-45 Tahun. Universitas Trisakti. http://repository.trisakti.ac.id/usaktiana/index.php/home/detail/detail_koleksi/6/SKR/penerbit/00000000000000101769/6

Vickery, Z., Madden, T., Zhao, Q., Secura, G. M., Allsworth, J. E., & Peipert, J. F. (2014). Weight change at 12 months in users of three progestin-only contraceptive methods. Contraception. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2013.03.004

Virawati, D. I. (2023). Relationship between the Characteristics and Knowledge of Birth Control Pill Acceptors and Adherence to Taking Birth Control Pills in the Work Area UPT. Barong Tongkok Health Center. Formosa Journal of Science and Technology, 2(2), 691–704. https://doi.org/10.55927/fjst.v2i2.2666

Wahyuni, E. S., & Silvitasari, I. (2022). The Duration of Hormonal Contraceptive Use is Not Related to Weight Gain. Gaster, 20(1), 64–72. https://doi.org/10.30787/gaster.v20i1.771

WHO. (2017). Family planning evidence brief: reducing early and unintended pregnancies among adolescents. World Health Organization. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/255862/WHO-RHR-17.10-eng.pdf

Wiadnjana, I. G. P., Yanti, M. R. R., & Permatananda, P. A. N. K. (2020). Nutritional Status of Reproductive Women Who Follow Vegetarian Diet in Badung Regency. November. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.11-2-2020.2302019

Yadav, B. K., Gupta, R. K., Gyawali, P., Shrestha, R., Poudel, B., Sigdel, M., & Jha, B. (2011). Effects of long-term use of depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate on lipid metabolism in Nepalese women. Korean Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 31, 95–97. https://doi.org/10.3343/kjlm.2011.31.2.95

Yancey, J. R., & Raleigh, M. (2014). Progestin-only contraceptives: Effects on weight. Am Fam Physician, 89(9), 715–716. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD008815.pub4

Yuliastuti, E., Rafidah, H., & Mahdiyah, D. (2020). Additional Weight and Improvement of Blood Pressure in Hormonal Contraception Acceptors. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 12(3). https://www.researchgate.net/profile/DedeMahdiyah/publication/345892137_Additional_Weight_and_Improvement_of_Blood_Pressure_in_Hormonal_Contraception_Acceptors/links/

Zerihun, M. F., Malik, T., Ferede, Y. M., Bekele, T., & Yeshaw, Y. (2019). Changes in body weight and blood pressure among women using Depo-Provera injection in Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Research Notes, 12, 1–5. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13104-019-4555-y




DOI: https://doi.org/10.26630/jkmsaw.v16i2.3674

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.


     


Published by Departement of Midwifery, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Tanjungkarang, Indonesia

Alamat: Jl. Brigjend. Soetiyoso No. 1 Kota Metro, Lampung, Indonesia

Phone: 0725-41819,E-mail: jkm@poltekkes-tjk.ac.id


Jurnal Kesehatan Metro Sai Wawai is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.